File Transfer Protocol (FTP) merupakan client/server protocol yang menyediakan fasilitas untuk transfer data dalam jaringan atau dengan kata lain protokol yang digunakan untuk pertukaran file antara dua host dalam jaringan TCP/IP. Sebuah ftp server dapat diset sebagai ftp publik sehingga setiap orang dapat mengakses data-data yang ada di server ftp dengan menggunakan login anonymous atau ftp. Selain itu, ftp juga dapat diset agar server hanya dapat
diakses oleh user tertentu saja dan tidak untuk publik.
diakses oleh user tertentu saja dan tidak untuk publik.
Pada gambar di atas terlihat bahwa perintah 'get' digunakan untuk menyalin file dari server ke localhost. Sedangkan perintah 'put' untuk menyalin file dari localhost ke server FTP. Kedua perintah di atas adalah perintah dasar yang paling sering digunakan untuk aplikasi FTP.
angka 4=R =read
2=W =write
1=X=execute
Terdapat banyak software yang dapat digunakan untuk FTP server, Namun padapembahasan ini hanya akan dijelaskan vsftpd. Vsftpd berlisensi GPL untuk aplikasi FTP server pada sistem operasi Unix termasuk GNU/Linux. Alasan penggunaan software ini karena kemudahan instalasi, konfigurasi serta keamanan yang ditawarkan oleh vsftpd.
· Menginstall paket yang dibutuhkan yaitu vsftpd
jaringan :~# apt-get install vsftpd
· Angka 777 berasal dari penjumlahan
4+2+1=7
4+2+1=7
4+2+1=7
Jika anda menjumpai anka 7777 maka 7 yang pertama adalah Special flags dengan 4= S= set user id
2=S=set group id
1=T=sticky
Owner
group
others
Mengatur hak akses dari folder setiap user yang ada
jaringan :~# chmod 777 /home/ali
· Merestart layanan proftpd
jaringan :~# /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart
· Mengetes web server yang sudah di konfigurasi
jaringan:~# netstat -a | grep ftp
tcp 0 0 *:ftp *:* LISTEN
· Pengaksesan FTP server di sisi Debian Etch yang juga merupakan server FTP dapat dilakukan dengan perintah berikut.
jaringan:~# ftp ftp.jaringan.com
· File yang akan dimasukan untuk ftp terletak pada direktori /home/ <name user>
jaringan:~# ls /home/ali/
aa
· Untuk mengubah konfigurasi dari ftp edit file /etc/vsftpd.conf dengan cara
jaringan :~# nano /etc/ vsftpd.conf
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
Konfigurasi dapat berupa
membuang tanda pagar
1. Mengijinkan user dapat login
2. Mengijinkan user dapat menulis data
3. Akses data yang di masukan
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
#local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
#write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
Konfigurasi dapat berupa
membuang tanda pagar
agar user hanya dapat mengakses folder home miliknya saja
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
#
# Debian customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the Debian filesystem layout by
# default. These settings are more Debian-friendly.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/vsftpd.pem
angka 4=R =read
2=W =write
1=X=execute
Terdapat banyak software yang dapat digunakan untuk FTP server, Namun padapembahasan ini hanya akan dijelaskan vsftpd. Vsftpd berlisensi GPL untuk aplikasi FTP server pada sistem operasi Unix termasuk GNU/Linux. Alasan penggunaan software ini karena kemudahan instalasi, konfigurasi serta keamanan yang ditawarkan oleh vsftpd.
· Menginstall paket yang dibutuhkan yaitu vsftpd
jaringan :~# apt-get install vsftpd
· Angka 777 berasal dari penjumlahan
4+2+1=7
4+2+1=7
4+2+1=7
Jika anda menjumpai anka 7777 maka 7 yang pertama adalah Special flags dengan 4= S= set user id
2=S=set group id
1=T=sticky
Owner
group
others
Mengatur hak akses dari folder setiap user yang ada
jaringan :~# chmod 777 /home/ali
· Merestart layanan proftpd
jaringan :~# /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart
· Mengetes web server yang sudah di konfigurasi
jaringan:~# netstat -a | grep ftp
tcp 0 0 *:ftp *:* LISTEN
· Pengaksesan FTP server di sisi Debian Etch yang juga merupakan server FTP dapat dilakukan dengan perintah berikut.
jaringan:~# ftp ftp.jaringan.com
· File yang akan dimasukan untuk ftp terletak pada direktori /home/ <name user>
jaringan:~# ls /home/ali/
aa
· Untuk mengubah konfigurasi dari ftp edit file /etc/vsftpd.conf dengan cara
jaringan :~# nano /etc/ vsftpd.conf
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
Konfigurasi dapat berupa
membuang tanda pagar
1. Mengijinkan user dapat login
2. Mengijinkan user dapat menulis data
3. Akses data yang di masukan
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
#local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
#write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
Konfigurasi dapat berupa
membuang tanda pagar
agar user hanya dapat mengakses folder home miliknya saja
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
#
# Debian customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the Debian filesystem layout by
# default. These settings are more Debian-friendly.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/vsftpd.pem